Nichts zu lachen

Wednesday, March 12, 2008
Von Michael Kreutz

Bekanntlich haben Frauen in Saudi-Arabien nicht viel zu lachen. Erst kürzlich hat eine saudische Zeitung festgestellt, dass das Land die weltweit niedrigste Einstellungsquote unter Frauen hat:

Five million Saudi women make up half of the adult population of citizens but only half a million of them are employed. At 5.5 percent, it is the world’s lowest rate of women’s representation in a country’s workforce, said Princess Adla, daughter of King Abdullah, Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques.

Der britische Historiker Bernard Lewis weist im Interview mit der Jerusalem Post auf die kulturellen Wurzeln hin, die in Europa zu einer anderen Entwicklung geführt haben:

As far as I know, Christianity is the only religion which totally prohibits polygamy and concubinage. Even Jewish law has been somewhat equivocal on both these subjects at different times and in different places. This has an effect. In Christendom, you have women playing a major role – like Queen Elizabeth of England, Queen Isabella of Spain, Queen Catherine of Russia, Maria Theresa of Austria – something which would have been inconceivable in other societies. It also makes a difference to what we know about rulers. For example, if you look at the history of the Western world, you see we have biographies of major figures. If you look at the Islamic world, on the other hand, although there are many major figures, you will see that there are very few book-length biographies.

Why is that?

Because women can’t appear in them. And a biography without mothers or wives or mistresses lacks all context. I mean, if you write the history of Louis XIV of France, the ladies in his life, starting with his mother, are very important. You have this to some extent in the very early Islamic period. We know, for example, something about the wives and mothers of the very earliest caliphs; they were free Arab ladies. But the later ones were slaves in the harem.

What effect has this had on Muslim countries?

It’s a great source of weakness. The mid-19th-century Turkish writer Namik Kemal, as far as I know, was the first to raise this point. By that time in history, the Muslims were becoming keenly aware that they were falling behind the previously despised West. (…) They came up with all sorts of answers and tried all kinds of military, economic and political reforms, none of which worked very well. Kemal said that the reason “we have fallen behind is the way we treat our women.” (…)

Für Namik Kemal, so Lewis, brachte die Unterdrückung der Frau eine Benachteilung der Männer mit sich. Diese nämlich würden in ihrer Kindheit von Müttern aufgezogen, die ein Mangel an Bildung und an Selbstbewusstsein auszeichne.

Freilich ist der Weg, den die Türkei gegangen ist, noch weit für ein Land wie Saudi-Arabien. Dort, wo Frauen noch nicht einmal Auto fahren dürfen, mutet es daher wie eine kleine Revolution an, wenn eine Frauenrechtlerin sich anlässlich des Weltfrauentags über die Gesetze erhebt und ihren Akt zivilen Ungehorsams auch noch ins Internet stellt:

http://www.youtube.com/v/54pRJkJ6B6E&rel=1&border=0

Wajeha al-Huwaider hatte sich schon in der Vergangenheit bei den saudischen Behörden unbeliebt gemacht, für die sie mittlerweile als echte Gefahr gilt (hier gefunden).

Siehe auch:

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